qiimuhu wuu saddex jibaarmay, qaar badan oo ka ganacsadana ma filayaan badeeco cusub guga soo socda
Karl Dirks, oo ku beera 1,000 acres ee Mount Joy, Pa., ayaa maqlayay qiimaha cirka-sare ee glyphosate iyo glufosinate, laakiin weli kama baqin.
"Waxaan u maleynayaa inay is hagaajin doonto," ayuu yidhi."Qiimaha sare waxay u muuqdaan inay hagaajiyaan qiimaha sare.Weli aad ugama walaacin.Wali kuma jiro qaybta welwelka, in yar oo taxaddar leh.Waan ogaan doonaa.”
Chip Bowling maahan mid rajo leh, in kastoo.Waxa uu dhawaan isku dayay in uu dalbado glyphosate abuurkiisa maxaliga ah iyo iibiyaha, R&D Cross, mana ay siin karin qiimo ama taariikhda keenista.
"Runtii waan ka walaacsanahay," ayuu yiri Bowling, oo beera 275 acres oo galley ah iyo 1,250 hektar oo soybean ah oo ku sugan Newburg, Md.Waxaan heli karnaa wax-soo-saar dhexdhexaad ah labadii sanaba mar, haddii aan helno xagaaga kulul, qalalan, waxay dhibaato u keeni kartaa beeralayda qaarkood."
Qiimaha glyphosate iyo glufosinate (Xorriyadda) waxay soo mareen saqafka sare maadaama sahaydu hoos u dhacday waxaana la saadaalinayaa inay hoosayso ilaa guga soo socda.
Arrimo badan ayaa eedda leh, ayuu yiri Dwight Lingenfelter, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay haramaha ee Penn State.Waxay ka mid yihiin arrimaha silsiladda sahayda ee ka imanaya masiibada COVID-19, helitaanka fosfooraska ku filan miinada si ay u sameeyaan glyphosate, weelka iyo kaydinta gaadiidka, iyo xidhitaanka iyo dib u furista warshad weyn oo Sayniska Beeraha Bayer ee Louisiana sababtoo ah Hurricane Ida.
"Kaliya waa arrimo isug jira oo hadda socda," ayuu yiri Lingenfelter.Glyphosate-ka guud ee ku kacay $12.50 gallonkiiba 2020, ayuu yidhi, hadda waxa uu ku socdaa inta u dhaxaysa $35 iyo $40 gallon.Glufosinate, oo lagu iibsan karo inta u dhaxaysa $33 iyo $34 gallon, hadda waxay ku socotaa kor u kaca $80 gallon.Haddii aad nasiib u leedahay in lagugu dalbado daawo dhireed, u diyaar garow inaad sugto.
"Waxaa jira fikrado ah in haddii amarro yimaado, laga yaabee inaysan ilaa Juunyo ama ka dib xilliga xagaaga.Marka laga eego dhinaca gubitaanka, tani waa walaac.Waxaan u maleynayaa inay taasi tahay meesha aan hadda joogno, in dadku ay ka fikiraan habka waxa aan u baahannahay inaan ilaalino," ayuu yiri Lingenfelter, isagoo raaciyay in yaraantu ay horseedi karto saameyn aan caadi ahayn oo yaraanta 2,4-D ama clethodim, kan dambe oo ah ikhtiyaar adag oo lagu xakameynayo cawska.
Sugitaanka alaabta
Ed Snyder oo ka tirsan Adeegga Dalagga Snyder ee Mount Joy, Pa., ayaa sheegay inuusan ku kalsoonayn in shirkadiisu ay yeelan doonto glyphosate guga.
"Taasi waa waxa aan u sheegayo macaamiishayda.Ma aha sida inay jirto taariikh la saadaaliyay, ayuu yidhi Snyder."Ma jiraan ballanqaadyo ku saabsan inta aan heli karno.Waxay ogaan doonaan qiimaha uu yahay marka aan helno."
Haddii glyphosate aan la heli karin, Snyder wuxuu sheegay in macaamiishiisa ay u badan tahay inay dib ugu dhici doonaan herbicides kale oo caadi ah, sida Gramoxone.Akhbaarta wanaagsan, ayuu yidhi, waa in premixes-ka-sumadda leh ee glyphosate ku dhex jira, sida Halex GT ee dib-u-soo-baxa, wali waa la heli karaa.
Shawn Miller oo ka tirsan Melvin Weaver iyo Sons ayaa sheegay in qiimaha dhirbaaxadu ay aad u kordheen, oo uu kala sheekaystay macaamiisha heerka ay rabaan inay ku bixiyaan alaabta iyo sida loo fidiyo gallon oo dhir-dhimista ah marka ay helaan.
Xitaa ma qaadanayo dalabaadka 2022 maadaama wax walba lagu qiimeeyay goobta shixnadda, farqiga weyn ee sannadihii la soo dhaafay markii uu awooday inuu si fiican wax u sii iibiyo.Weli, waxa uu ku kalsoon yahay in badeecadu ay jiri doonto marka gu'gu wareego oo uu ka gudbayo farahiisa.
"Ma qiimayn karno sababtoo ah ma garanayno waxa ay yihiin dhibcaha qiimaha.Qof kastaa wuu ka xanaaqaa, ayuu yidhi Miller.
Badbaadiso buufintaada: Dhibaatooyinka silsiladda sahayda ee socda ayaa keenaya in beeralayda ay awoodi waayaan inay dalbadaan glyphosate iyo glufosinate waqtiga xilliga koritaanka 2022.Markaa, ilaali waxa aad heshay oo isticmaal wax ka yar guga soo socda.
Ilaalinta waxa aad hesho
Beeralayda nasiibka u leh inay helaan badeecada horraanta gu'ga, Lingenfelter wuxuu leeyahay inay ka fikiraan siyaabaha loo ilaalin karo alaabta, ama isku dayaan waxyaabo kale si ay uga gudbaan xilliga hore.Halkii aad isticmaali lahayd 32 wiqiyadood oo Roundup Powermax ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inay hoos ugu dhigto 22 wiqiyadood, ayuu yidhi.Sidoo kale, haddii sahaydu xadidan tahay, go'aaminta marka la buufiyo - ha ahaato gubasho ama dalagga - waxay noqon kartaa arrin, sidoo kale.
Halkii aad beeran lahayd 30-inch soybeans, waxaa laga yaabaa in ay dib ugu noqoto 15 inji si aad u kordhiso dabada oo aad ula tartanto haramaha.Dabcan, beerashada marmarka qaarkood waa ikhtiyaar, laakiin tixgeli dib-u-dhacyada - qiimaha shidaalka oo kordhay, qulqulka ciidda, jebinta beer aan-dheerayn - ka hor intaanad marin oo kaliya dhulka.
Baadhitaanka, ayuu yidhi Lingenfelter, sidoo kale waxay noqon doontaa mid muhiim ah, sidoo kale waxay noqon doontaa rajooyinka xanaaqa ee ku saabsan helitaanka beeraha ugu caansan.
"Sanadka soo socda ama labada, waxaa laga yaabaa inaan aragno beero badan oo haramaha ah," ayuu yidhi."Diyaar u noqo inaad aqbasho qiyaastii 70% xakamaynta haramaha halkii aad 90% xakamayn lahayd haramaha qaarkood."
Laakiin waxaa jira dib-u-dhacyo ku yimaadda fikirkan, sidoo kale.Doomo badan ayaa ka dhigan inay suurtogal tahay inay hoos u dhacaan, Lingenfelter ayaa leh, iyo haramaha dhibaatada way adkaan doontaa in la xakameeyo.
"Marka aad la macaamilayso Palmer iyo waterhemp, 75% xakamaynta haramaha kuma fiicna," ayuu yidhi."Lambsquarter ama xididka casaanka ah ee doofaarka, 75% xakamaynta ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku filan tahay.Noocyada haramaha ayaa runtii tilmaamaya sida ay ugu dabacsanaan karaan xakamaynta haramaha. "
Gary Snyder oo ka tirsan Nutrien, oo la shaqeeya ilaa 150 beeraley ah oo ku nool koonfurta bari ee Pennsylvania, ayaa sheegay in wax alla wixii herbicide la heli karo - glyphosate ama glufosinate - waa la qaybin doonaa oo la quudin doonaa.
Waxa uu sheegay in beeralaydu ay tahay in ay balaadhiyaan palette-da herbicides-ka guga soo socda si ay hore wax u dumiyaan, markaa cawsku dhib weyn kuma aha beerista.
Haddii aadan weli dooran isku-dhafka galleyda, Snyder wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in la helo abuur leh fursadaha ugu wanaagsan ee hidde-sidaha ee loo heli karo xakameynta haramaha ka dib.
"Waxa ugu weyn waa abuur sax ah," ayuu yidhi."Hore buufin.Isha ku hay dalagga ka baxaya haramaha.Alaabooyinka 90-meeyadii ayaa wali jira oo qaban kara shaqada.Wax walba ka fiirso."
Bowling waxa uu sheegay in uu u furayo dhammaan dookhyadiisa.Haddii qiimaha wax soo saarka sare uu sii socdo, oo ay ku jiraan dhir-diritaannada, iyo qiimaha dalagga uusan kor u kicin si uu ula socdo, wuxuu sheegay inuu u beddelan doono hektar badan oo digirta soya sababtoo ah kharash yar ayay ku koraan, ama waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u beddelo hektar badan oo wax soo saarka cawska.
Lingenfelter wuxuu rajeynayaa in beeralayda aysan sugin ilaa jiilaalka dambe ama gu'ga si ay u bilaabaan feejignaanta arrinta.
"Waxaan rajeynayaa in dadku ay si dhab ah u qaadanayaan," ayuu yidhi."Waxaan ka baqayaa in ay jiraan dad badan oo la qabsanayo iyaga oo u malaynaya in ay awoodaan, kaalay Maarso, u tag iibiyahooda oo dalbo oo soo kaxee baabuur xamuul ah oo dhirta, ama sunta cayayaanka, guriga maalintaas.Waxaan u maleynayaa inay jiri doonto nooc baraarujin ah ilaa xad."
Waqtiga boostada: 21-11-24